Vanadium Foil has good corrosion resistance to alkalis, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and saltwater, but it oxidizes readily at temperatures exceeding 660°C.  Vanadium Foil has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section.  Vanadium Foil and all of its compounds are toxic and should be handled with care.  Vanadium is used in nuclear applications, for producing rust-resistant spring and high-speed tool steels, and as a carbide stabilizer in making steels.  Approximately 80% of the Vanadium Foil that is produced is used as a steel additive or ferrovanadium. Â Vanadium Foil is used as a bonding agent for cladding steel with titanium.

There are 11 known isotopes of Vanadium Foil: 2 stable and 9 unstable.  Natural Vanadium Foil is a mixture of the two stable isotopes, vanadium-50 (0.24%) and vanadium-51 (99.76%).  Vanadium-50 is slightly radioactive, with a half life exceeding 3.9 x 1017 years.  Vanadium Foil has a melting point of 1890+/-10°C, boiling point of 3380°C, specific gravity of 6.11 (18.7°C), with a valence of 2, 3, 4, or 5.  Pure Vanadium Foil is a soft, ductile bright white metal.

Vanadium pentoxide is used as a catalyst, as a mordant for dyeing and printing fabrics, in the manufacture of aniline black, and in the ceramics industry.  Vanadium Foil occurs in approximately 65 minerals, including vanadinite, carnotite, patronite, and roscoelite.  Vanadium Foil is also found in certain iron ores and phosphate rock and in some crude oils as organic complexes.  Vanadium Foil is found in small percentages in meteorites.  High purity ductile Vanadium Foil may be obtained by reducing vanadium trichloride with magnesium or a magnesium-sodium mixture.  Vanadium Foil also may be produced by calcium reduction of V2O5 in a pressure vessel.

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